Abstract
In time of emergency, gender based and sexual violence are common occurrence, including in the form of child marriage; schooling is disrupted for a considerable period of time and children are falling behind in their education and they have less opportunity to be together and play with their friends; plus, sexual and reproductive health are not normally receiving adequate attention. Participation of children and adolescents, boys and girls, is not only a matter of fulfillment of child rights but is in fact central for the success of humanitarian response. This writing attempts to analyse the impact of disaster on the fulfillment of child rights, especially the rights to protection and free from violence, education, health, play and participation and be heard, by using the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as the framework. Gender, inequality and vulnerability lens are used as analytical tools. The method used is literature study, whilst the data and learning from the two major disasters in Indonesia occurred in 2018, the earthquake in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara province and earthquake, tsunami & liquefaction in Central Sulawesi province are used as the main materials for analysis.References
Ahmad A 2018 “Conceptualizing Disasters from a Gender
Perspective”, in O’Mathúna D., Dranseika V., Gordijn B. (eds)
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories,. Advancing Global
Bioethics, vol 11. Springer, Cam, Switzerland
Apfel et al. 1996, Minefield in their Hearts: The Mental Health of
Children in War and Communal Violence, Yale University Press, New
Haven
Balaban, V 2006, “Psychological Assessment of Children in Disasters
and Emergencies”, Disasters, Volume 30, Series 2, h. 178-198.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), “Gini Ratio Maret 2019 tercatat
sebesar 0,382”, diakses pada 8 Mei 2020, https://www.bps.go.id/
pressrelease/2019/07/15/1630/gini-ratio-maret-2019-tercatatsebesar-0-382.html#:~:text=Pada%20Maret%202019%2C%20
tingkat%20ketimpangan,Maret%202018%20yang%20sebesar%20
%2C389.
Bradshaw, S & Fordham, M 2003, Women, Girls and Disaster: A Review
for DFID, diakses pada 8 Mei 2020, https://assets.publishing.service.
gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/
file/236656/women-girls-disasters.pdf
Cattleya, L 2018, Kerelawanan untuk Kesehatan Reproduksi Masa
Paska Bencana, diakses pada 9 Mei 2020, http://gemaalamntb.
org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2.-KERELAWANAN-UNTUKKESEHATAN-REPRODUKSI-MASA-PASKA-BENCANA-ilovepdfcompressed.pdf
CHS Alliance, Groupe URD & Sphere, Core Humanitarian Standard
for Quality and Accountability, Diakses pada 10 Mei 2020, https://
corehumanitarianstandard.org/the-standard
Empatika 2019, Listening to Children Who Were Affected by
Central Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami, diakses pada 8 Mei
, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/
ListeningtoChildren_Palu_FinalReport.pdf
Enarson, E & Morrow, B (Ed.) 1999, The Gendered Terrain of Disaster:
Through Women’s Eyes, Praeger Press, Westport, Connecticut.
Enarson, E & Chakrabarti, P.G. Dhar (Ed.) 2009, Women, Gender and
Disasters: Global Issues and Initiatives, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
Mahapatra, Richard, “Natural Disasters are Shaped by Social and
Economic Inequality” 2019, Down To Earth, 16 April 2019, diakses
pada 10 Mei 2020, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/interviews/
climate-change/-natural-disasters-are-shaped-by-social-andeconomic-inequality--63825
IASC2018, Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action, diakses pada
Mei 2020, https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/
files/2018-iasc_gender_handbook_for_humanitarian_action_
eng_0.pdf
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan
Anak (KPPA) 2019, Profil Anak Indonesia, diakses pada 8 Mei 2020,
https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/lib/uploads/list/15242-profil-anakindonesia_-2019.pdf
Kementerian Kesehatan RI 2019, Remaja Perempuan dan Kaum Muda
dalam Krisis, Suara dari Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia, diakses pada 8
Mei 2020, https://indonesia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/
Final%20%20Remaja%20dalam%20situasi%20Bencana%20FinalBahasalowres.pdf
Kementerian Sosial 2013, Survey Kekerasan Terhadap Anak (SKTA),
diakses pada 9 Mei 2020, http://puslit.kemsos.go.id/upload/post/
files/4fb404d806e55b69e7fa7d4106344914.pdf
Kinoshita, I & Woolley, H 2015, “Children’s Play Environment after a
Disaster: The Great East Japan Earthquake”, Children (Basel), Vol. 2
No. 1, h. 39-62.
Machel, G 1996, The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children,
diakses pada 10 Mei 2020,https://childrenandarmedconflict.
un.org/1996/08/1996-graca-machel-report-impact-armedconflict-children/ )
Mehta, M 2007, Gender Matters: Lessons from Disaster Risk
Reduction in South Asia, International Centre for Integrated Mountain
Development, Kathmandu, diakses pada 9 Mei 2020, https://www.
preventionweb.net/files/2406_GenderandDisasters.pdf
Oxfam 2013, “Gender Issues in Confict and Humanitarian Action”,
Oxfam Humanitarian Policy Note, diakses pada 9 Mei 2020, https://
oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/305870/
hpn-gender-conflict-humanitarian-action-291113-en.pdf;jsessionid
=91AB662859C4C73C3A93E545ADBF18BB?sequence=1
Plan Indonesia 2020. Draft Analisa Rapid Needs Assessment
Pendidikan (tidak diterbitkan)
Peek, L 2008 “Children and Disasters: Understanding Vulnerability,
Developing Capacities, and Promoting Resilience – An
Introduction”, Children, Youth and Environments, Vol. 18 No. 1,
h. 1-29, diakses pada 9 Mei 2020, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.
org/200d/d9f509b311bb4391b9932bf5b081385b7f8d.pdf?_
ga=2.113031426.729399705.1591884884-224775972.1591884884
Ronan, K & Johnston, D 2005, Promoting Community Resilience in
Disasters, The Role for Schools, Youth and Families, Springer, Boston
Silverman, W & La Greca, A 1996, Children Experiencing Disaster:
Definitions, reactions and predictors of outcomes, diakses pada 9
Mei 2020, file:///C:/Users/ED/Downloads/Children_experiencing_
disasters_Definitions_reacti%20(1).pdf
Stotlman, J et al. 2007, International Perspective on Natural Disaster:
Occurrence, Mitigation and Consequences, Springer, Dordrecht.
The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (PMCH)
, Protecting women’s and children’s health from a changing
climate, diakses pada 9 Mei 2020, www.who.int/pmnch/
knowledge/publications/summaries/ks32/en/index1.html
Unicef 2019, For every child, every right. The Convention on the
Rights of the Child at a crossroads, diakses pada 4 Mei 2020, https://
www.unicef.org/media/62371/file/Convention-rights-child-atcrossroads-2019.pdf
Unicef 2019, Summary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the
Child, diakses pada 4 Mei 2020, https://downloads.unicef.org.
uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/UNCRC_summary-1_1.pdf?_
ga=2.58260776.327347562.1589007034-1154580678.1589007034
UNISDR 2015, Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk
Reduction, UNISDR, Geneva, diakses pada 10 Mei 2020, https://
www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2015/en/gar-pdf/
GAR2015_EN.pdf
West, A 2015, Putting Children at the Heart of the World Humanitarian
Summit, diakses pada 9 Mei, https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.
net/node/9373/pdf/putting-children-at-the-heart_full_text_final.
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T. and Davis, I. 2004, At risk: natural
hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters, Routledge, London.
“BNPB: 461 Tewas Akibat Bencana Sejak Awal Tahun hingga Akhir
” 2019, Tirto.id, 28 November, diakses pada 4 Mei 2020, https://
tirto.id/ems1
“BNPB: 60 Sampai 70% Korban Bencana Adalah Perempuan dan
Anak” 2019, Tirto.id, 8 Februari, diakses pada 4 Mei 2020, https://
tirto.id/dgod
”Inter-agency reproductive health kits for crisis situations” 2016,
IAWG, 22 Juli, diakses pada 10 Mei 2020, https://iawg.net/resources/
inter-agency-reproductive-health-kits-for-crisis-situations-2011
“Memperihatinkan banyak anak korban bencana alam di Sulteng
dinikahkan” 2019, VOA, 17 Juni, diakses pada 9 Mei, https://www.
voaindonesia.com/a/memprihatinkan-banyak-anak-korbanbencana-alam-di-sulteng-dinikahkan/4961155.html
“Pernyataan Sikap Komnas Perempuan: Urgensi Perspektif HAM
dengan Perhatian Khusus pada Kerentanan Perempuan dalam
Penanganan Pandemi COVID-19” 2020, Komnas Perempuan, 26 Maret
, diakses pada 9 Mei 2020, https://www.komnasperempuan.
go.id/read-news-pernyataan-sikap-komnas-perempuan-urgensiperspektif-ham-dengan-perhatian-khusus-pada-kerentananperempuan-dalam-penanganan-pandemi-covid-19
“Poverty and Inequality”, Preventionweb, diakses pada 9 Mei 2020,
https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/poverty-inequality
“Sepanjang 2019, BNPB Catat 3.721 Bencana Alam Terjadi di
Indonesia 2019, Kompas, 23 Desember, diakses pada 9 Mei 2020,
https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2019/12/23/183700665/
sepanjang-2019-bnpb-catat-3.721-bencana-alam-terjadi-diindonesia
“Segudang masalah belajar dari rumah karena Corona COVID-19”
, Tirto.id, 20 Maret, diakses pada 5 Mei 2020, https://tirto.id/
segudang-masalah-belajar-dari-rumah-karena-corona-covid-19-
eGqQ )
“Studi ungkap orangtua dan anak sering konflik selama pandemic
Corona COVID-19” 2020, Liputan6, 2 April, diakses pada 8 Mei 2020,
“Two thirds schools in Central Sulawesi remain damaged one year
after” 2019, Reliefweb, 28 September 2019, diakses pada 9 Mei

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Perempuan
