Keywords
Technology
Engineering
Math)
girls
fear
VC (Vocational Schools).
How to Cite
Abstract
Women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) continued to decline from secondary schools to universities level, as well as in lab, teaching and research policy-making and technology. This is triggered by the absence and minority of women in policy and decision-making regarding research in science and technology. Women’s leadership is very low in the area of energy use, adaptation to climate change, and economic production. In the formal sector, only 10% of women are in the sector of STI (science, technology, innovation). Only 5% of women who become members of the national academy of science technology in the respective disciplines. Why does it happen? This paper studies several vocational schools in Jakarta to answer those questions. This research found that the fear of a mother and daughter against STEM is not just happening today, but deeply rooted in the tradition, even in modern era. Besides bullying both in school and in the community, girls’ interest in STEM is also still very low compared to boys. However, this study found how girls copes those hindrances with strong will via their agency to win STEM in their education pathways.
References
Bem, Sandra 1993, The Lenses of Gender, Yale University Press, New
Haven.
Bleier, Ruth 1984, Science and Gender: A Critique of Biology and its
Theories on Women, Pergamon, New York.
Bluhm, Robyn 2013, “Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: The Influence of
Gender Stereotypes on Functional Neuroimaging Research on
Emotion”, Hypatia, vol. 28 no. 4, h. 870-886.
Fausto-Sterling 1985, Myths of Gender, Basic Books, New York.
Fine, Cordelia 2010, Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society,
and Neurosexism Create Difference, Norton, New York.
Haraway, Donna Jeanne 1985, “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science,
Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century”,
Socialist Review, Routledge, NY, hal 149-181.
Haraway, Donna 1989, Primate Visions, Routledge, New York.
Haraway, Donna 1991, “Situated Knowledges”, in Simians, Cyborgs,
and Women, Routledge, New York.
Harding, Sandra 1986, The Science Question in Feminism, Cornell
University Press, Ithaca.
Harding, Sandra 1991, Whose science? Whose knowledge?, Cornell
University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.
Harding, Sandra (ed.) 1993, The “Racial” Economy of Science, Indiana
University Press, Bloomington.
Harding, Sandra 1996, “Comment on Hekman’s ‘Truth and Method’:
Whose standpoint needs the regimes of Truth and Reality?”, Signs,
vol. 22, h. 382–391.
Harding, Sandra 1998, Is Science Multicultural?: Postcolonialisms,
Feminisms, and Epistemologies, Indiana University Press,
Bloomington, Indiana.
Hays-Gilpin, Kelley, Whitley, David (eds.) 1998, Reader in Gender
Archaeology, Routledge, New York.
Hrdy, Sarah 1981, The Woman that Never Evolved, Harvard University
Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Keller, Evelyn Fox 1983, A Feeling for the Organism, W.H. Freeman,
San Francisco.
Leacock, Eleanor Burke 1981, Myths of Male Dominance, Monthly
Review Press, New York.
Lloyd, Elisabeth, 1995a, “Feminism as Method: What Scientists Get
that Philosophers Don’t”, Philosophical Topics, vol. 23, h. 189–220.
Lloyd, Elisabeth, 2006, The Case of the Female Orgasm: Bias in the
Science of Evolution, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Longino, Helen, and Doell, Ruth 1983, “Body, Bias, and
Behavior”, Signs, vol. 9, h. 206–227.
Meynell, Lititia 2012, “Evolutionary Psychology, Ethology, and
Essentialism (Because What They Don’t Know Can Hurt Us)”, Hypatia,
vol. 27, no. 1, h. 4–27.
Schiebinger, Londa 1989, The Mind Has No Sex?, Harvard University
Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Schiebinger, Londa 2007, Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting
in the Atlantic World, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Sherif, Carol 1987, “Bias in Psychology”, in Harding 1987a.
Tavris, Carol 1992, The Mismeasure of Women, Simon and Schuster,
New York.
Waring, Marilyn 1990, If Women Counted, Harper Collins, San
Francisco.
Wylie, Alison 1996, “The Constitution of Archaeological Evidence:
Gender Politics and Science”, in P. Galison and D. Stump (eds.), The
Disunity of Science, Stanford University Press, Stanford.