Keywords
electoral
non-electoral
democracy
How to Cite
Abstract
This article explores the complexity of the relationship between democracy and feminism in both theory and practice. For a long time, feminist theorists have put forward criticism of democratic studies, which emphasize the importance of transforming political institutions and addressing the measure of the goodness of democracy that is considered to be generally accepted. As a result, the voice and interests of women are considered merely complementary and not a priority. Feminist agendas—marked by the formulation of interests aimed at challenging patriarchy in a variety of manifestations—are increasingly scarce in the work of fighting for democracy in Indonesia, especially in the participation of women’s electoral politics. While non-electoral participation is more indicative of the presence of a feminist agenda, the challenge lies in the lack of linkages with electoral politics. The achievements of democracy over the past 20 years show the lack of contribution of democracy to the struggle that the women’s movement formulated with the breath of feminism. This article highlights the increasingly eroded feminist agenda in the consolidation of democracy in Indonesia. It is time for the consolidation of democracy to borrow the logic of feminism, which rejects the public/private; personal/political dichotomy; in the electoral/non-electoral political struggle.
References
Ardiansa, D 2016, “Menghadirkan Kepentingan Perempuan dalam Representasi Politik di Indonesia”, Jurnal Politik, vol. 2, no. 1, hh. 71-99.
Arivia, G 2016, “Pedagogi Feminis: Membongkar Budaya Patriarkis (Refleksi 20 Tahun Aktivisme di Luar dan Dalam Kelas”, Jurnal Perempuan, vol. 21, no. 3, hh. 6-23.
Budryte, D, Vaughn, L & Riegg, N (eds.) 2009, Feminist Conversations: Women, Trauma and Empowerment in Post-Transitional Societies, University Press of America, Lanham.
Beckwith, K 2000, “Beyond Compare? Women’s movements in Comparative Perspective”, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 37, no. 4, hh. 431-468.
Bunte, M & Ufen, A 2009, “The New Order and its legacy: Reflections on democratization in Indonesia” dalam A. Ufen & M. Bunte (eds.), Democratization in Post-Suharto Indonesia, Routledge, London and New York, hh. 3 – 29.
Cornwall, A & Goetz, AM 2005, “Democratizing Democracy: Feminist Perspectives”, Democratization, vol. 12, no.5, hh.783–800.
Crenshaw, K 1989, “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics”, University of Chicago Legal Forum, vol. 1898, no. 1, hh. 138–67.
Gilman, ME 2014, “Feminism, Democracy, and the War on Women”, Law & Inequality, vol. 32, no. 1, hh. 1-30, https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol32/iss1/1
Goetz, AM (2018), ‘Book Review: Has Democracy Failed Women? By Drude Dahlerup, Polity Press: 2018’ in Gender & Development 26(1), March 2018.
Jaquette, JS (ed.) 1989, The Women’s Movement in Latin America: Feminism and the Transition to Democracy, Unwin Hyman, Boston and London.
Komnas Perempuan 2018, “Pernyataan Sikap Komnas Perempuan: Refleksi Dua Puluh Tahun Reformasi, Keterlibatan Perempuan dan Demokrasi Pasca 1998”, Jakarta, 19 Mei.
Linz, JJ & Stepan, A 1996, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Margret, A, Panjaitan Y, Novitasari M & Ikasarana J 2018, Menyoal Data Representasi Perempuan di Lima Ranah, Cakra Wikara Indonesia, Depok.
Novitasari, M & Ikasarana, J 2019, “To achieve real representation, women need more power in political parties”, dilihat 23 April 2019, https://indonesiaatmelbourne.unimelb.edu.au/to-have-real-representation-women-need-more-power-in-political-parties/
Pateman, C 1988, The Sexual Contract, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Panjaitan, Y 2017, “Perempuan dan Jebakan Oligarki Partai”, Media Indonesia 25 Februari 2017, dilihat 15 April 2019, https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/93917-perempuan-dan-jebakan-oligarki-partai
Soetjipto, A 2011, Politik Harapan: Perjalanan Politik Perempuan Indonesia Pasca Reformasi, Marjin Kiri, Tangerang.
Soetjipto, A 2012, “Perempuan dalam politik formal: Perdebatan kajian teori feminis”, Jurnal Perempuan, vol. 17, no. 4, hh. 21-36.
Squires, J 2004, “Feminism and Democracy”, dalam K Nash & A Scott (eds.) 2004, The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Tong, R 2009, Feminist thought: a more comprehensive introduction, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.