Abstract
This article reflects my involvement in Indonesia’s Islamic feminist movement through gender training activities in pesantren and a reevaluation of classical texts from a feminist perspective. In these ways, the concept of gender and key elements of equality and justice, such as women’s reproductive rights and political rights, can be widely accepted by the Muslim community. In Egypt, the feminist movement, according to Saba Mahmood, has failed to understand the agency of the fundamentalist women’s movement. But in Indonesia, active collaboration has occurred between secular and Muslim feminists. They opposed the discourse of identity politics and the patriarchal political ideology legitimized by the New Order regime. They built concepts and collective action through pesantren, Islamic universities, and the networks of two Islamic women’s organizations, Fatayat Nahdlatul Ulama and Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah. The convergence of these two streams of feminism is a key strength and essential feature of the Islamic feminist movement in Indonesia.
References
Affiat, R. A. 2021. Diakses pada 18 Juni 2025 pukul 11.29, di https://
islambergerak.com/2021/03/dari-feminisme-islam-ke-islamtanpa-
feminisme-suatu-pemetaan-awal/.
Anwar, E. 2020. A Genealogy of Islamic Feminism: Pattern and Change
in Indonesia, Routledge.
Arimbi, D. A. 2009. Reading Contemporary Indonesian Muslim Women
Writers: Representation, Identity, and Religion of Muslim Women in
Indonesian Fiction. Amsterdam University Press: Amsterdam.
Aripurnami, S. 1999. Hak Reproduktif Antara Kontrol dan Perlawanan:
Wacana tentang Kebijakan Kependudukan Indonesia, Kalyanamita.
Arivia, G. 2003. Filsafat Berperspektif Feminis, Yayasan Jurnal
Perempuan: Jakarta.
Azka, D. & M. Zainuri. 2006. Potret Ideal Hubungan Suami Istri: ‘Uqud
al-Lujjayn dalam Disharmoni Modernitas dan Teks-Teks Religius (Cet.
1). Lajnah Bahtsul Masail Ponpes Lirboyo.
BAPPENAS. http://mampu.bappenas.go.id/mitra-kami/aisyiyah-3.
Bourdieu, P. 1986. ‘Bentuk-Bentuk Kapital’. Buku Pegangan Teori
dan Penelitian untuk Sosiologi Kapital. JG Richardson. New York,
Greenwood Press, pp. 241–258.
Effendi, D. 2010. “Fikih Perempuan: Sebuah Pendekatan Baru untuk
Memajukan Kesadaran Gender di Kalangan Perempuan Muslim”
Pembaruan Tanpa Membongkar Tradisi, hlm. 184—211. Kompas
Media Nusantara: Jakarta.
Fakih, M. 2006. Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Pustaka
Pelajar: Yogyakarta.
Hamdan, A. K. 2012. Autoethnography as a Genre of Qualitative
Research: A Journey Inside Out. International Journal of
Qualitative Methods, 11 (5), pp, 585–606. https://doi.
org/10.1177/160940691201100505.
Hasan, R. 1990. “Teologi Perempuan dalam Tradisi Islam: Sejajar di
Hadapan Allah”, Ulumul Quran No. 4 Vol. 1, hlm. 48—57.
Hull. T. H. 1981. Sejarah Keluarga Berencana Indonesia: Keberhasilan
dan Tantangan. Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Kependudukan UGM:
Yogyakarta.
Ismah, N. 2022. “Women Issuing Fatwas: Female Islamic Scholars
and Community-Based Authority in Java, Indonesia”, Dissertation.
Kloos, D. & Ismah, N. 2023. “Siting Islamic feminism: The Indonesian
Congress of Women Islamic Scholars and the Challenge of
Challenging Patriarchal Authority”, History and Anthropology
Journal, Vol. 34.
Kodir, F. A. & Marcoes-Natsir, L. 2022. Fikih Hak Anak. Rumah Kitab:
Jakarta.
Mahfudz, S. 2011. Nuansa Fikih Sosial, hlm. 57—59. LKiS: Yogyakarta.
Mahfudz, S. 2013. Epistemologi Fiqh Sosial, Konsep Hukum Islam dan
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. STAIMAFA: Pati.
Mahmood, S. 2005. The Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the
Feminist Subject. Princeton University Press: Princeton.
Marcoes-Natsir, L. 1992. “Muballihat as Mediator in Religion” dalam
Bemmelen Sita van (eds.). Women and Mediation in Indonesia, hlm.
173–182. KITLV Press: Leiden.
Marcoes-Natsir, L. 2021. “Sumbangan Feminis Muslim Indonesia
untuk Dunia”, Gatra: Edisi Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia
(KUPI) 2.
Marcoes-Natsir, L. & Hasyim, S. 1995. P3M and Program Fiqih an-
Nisa untuk Penguatan Hak-hak Reproduksi Perempuan Tahun
1995–1997. P3M: Jakarta.
Masudi, M. F. & Sciortino, L. 1997. “Learning from Islam: Advocacy of
Reproductive Rights in Indonesia Pesantren”, Studia Islamika. Vol. 4
No. 2, hlm. 43–52.
Megawangi, R. 1994. “Feminisme: Menindas Peran Ibu Rumah
Tangga”, in Ulumul Qur’an, special edition No. 5 & 6 Vol. V, hlm. 30–
41.
Muhammad, H. 2007. Islam Agama Ramah Perempuan: Pembelaan
Kiai Pesantren. LKiS: Yogyakarta.
Muhammad, H. 2016. Perempuan, Islam dan Negara: Pergulatan
Identitas dan Entitas. Qalam Nusantara.
Muhammad, H. 2019. Fikih Perempuan: Refleksi Kiai atas Wacana
Agama dan Gender, IRCiSoD.
Mulia, M. 2020. Ensiklopedia Muslimah Reformis.
Nuriyah, S. R. 2002. Wajah Baru Relasi Suami Istri: Telaah atas Kitab
Uqudulujain. FK3-LKIS: Jakarta.
Poerwandari, E. K. (ed.). 2000. Perempuan Indonesia dalam
Masyarakat yang Tengah Berubah: 10 tahun Program Studi Wanita
Universitas Indonesia: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia.
Rahayu, R. I. 2009. “Gerakan Perempuan Indonesia dalam Belenggu
Historiografi Indonesia-Androsentris”, Paper.
Rinaldo, R. 2013, Mobilizing Piety: Islam and Feminism in Indonesia.
Oxford University Press.
Rofiah, N. 2021. Nalar Kritis Muslimah. Afkaruna: Jakarta.
Syeda, M. M. 2023. A Postcolonial Feminist Study of the Experiences
of a Muslim Teacher at a Predominantly White University [Doctoral
dissertation, Miami University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and
Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_
num=miami1689100263116374.
Umar, N. et al. 2002. Rekonstruksi Metodologis Wacana Kesetaraan
Gender dalam Islam. Pustaka Pelajar: Yogyakarta.
van Bruinessen, M. 2008. “Traditionalist and Islamist Pesantrens in
Contemporary Indonesia.” In Farish A. Noor, Yoginder Sikand, and
Martin van Bruinessen (eds.). The Madrasa in Asia: Political Activism
and Transnational Linkages, pp. 217–245. University of Amsterdam
Press: Amsterdam.
van Bruinessen, M. & Marcoes-Natsir, L. 1984. “Kisah Rakyat yang
Gagal, Tempo Edisi 27 Oktober.
van Bruinessen, M. & Marcoes-Natsir, L. 1992. “Pesantren dan
Kitab Kuning, Pemeliharaan dan Kesinambungan Tradisi
Pesantren”, Ulumul Qur’an No. 4, Vol. III.
van Bruinessen, M. & Marcoes-Natsir, L. 1993. "Kitab Kuning dan
Perempuan, Perempuan dan Kitab Kuning”, dalam: Lies Marcoes-
Natsir & Johan Hendrik Meuleman (ed.), Wanita Islam Indonesia
dalam Kajian Tekstual and Kontekstual, INIS, hlm. 165–174.
Wadud, A. 2001. Qur’an Menurut Perempuan, Meluruskan Bias
Gender dalam Tradisi Tafsir. Serambi Ilmu Semesta.
Wahid, M. 2001. Fikih Mazhab Negara: Kritik atas Politik Hukum
Islam di Indonesia. LKiS.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Perempuan
