Abstract
This paper discusses gender bias within the Indonesian historiography tradition. Various historical literature records that all major events in Indonesian history–as a nation–are masculine and strongly dominated by male narratives. There is no space for women to be present in the narratives of the past. As if the history of Indonesia is a history of men, whereas if critical research is done then women such as men have a past narrative that is also important. Women are present and give meaning to the development of the nation's history. This matter is absent in Indonesian historiography. The strength of gender bias in the historiography of Indonesia can not be separated from the strong patriarchal culture in the life of society. Thus the gender bias ultimately forms a canon, so this is then reproduced from generation to generation. This article argues that critical research by revealing a new fact is a power to change gender bias in Indonesian historiography.
References
Amini, M 2010, “Biro Konsultasi Perkawinan dalam Sejarah Keluarga Jawa Awal Abad ke-20”, dalam S Margana, Kota-kota di Jawa: Identitas, Gaya Hidup, dan Permasalahan Sosial, Ombak, Yogyakarta.
Amini, M 2012, “Private Issues in Pesat in Late Colonial Java”, Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, vol. 22, no. 2, hh. 131-142.
Arivia, G 2016, “Pedagogi Feminis: Membongkar Budaya Patriarkis (Refleksi 20 Tahun Aktivisme di Luar dan Dalam Kelas)”, Jurnal Perempuan, vol. 21, no. 3, hh. 231-239.
Blackburn, S 2004, Women and the State in Modern Indonesia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Coté, J 2014, Kartini: The Complete Writing 1898-1904, Monash University Publishing, Australia.
Departemen Penerangan 1958, Buku Peringatan 30 Tahun Kesatuan Pegerakan Wanita Indonesia, 22 Desember 1928 - 22 Desember 1958, Departemen Penerangan, Jakarta.
Departemen Penerangan 1984, Perjuangan Wanita Indonesia 10 Windu Setelah Kartini 1904-1984, Departemen Penerangan, Jakarta.
Djajadiningrat, H 1913, Critische Beshouwing van de Sedjarah Banten, disertasi, Universitas Leiden, Leiden.
Hardi, L 1982, Sumbangsih bagi Ibu Pertiwi, Kumpulan Pengalaman dan Pemikiran, Sinar Harapan, Jakarta.
Kartodirdjo, S 1966, The Peasants Revolt of Banten in 1888: A Case Study of Social Movement in Indonesia, disertasi, Universitas Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
Kartodirdjo, S 2001, Indonesian Historiography, Kanisius, Yogyakarta.
Kelly, J 1984, Women History and Theory, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Kuntowijoyo 2000, “Indonesia Historiography, Insearch of Identity”, Humaniora, vol. 12, no. 1, hh. 79-85.
Kuntowijoyo 2003, Metodologi Sejarah, Tiara Wacana, Yogyakarta.
Legene, S & Waaldijk, B 2007, “Mission Interrupted: Gender, History and the Colonial Canon”, dalam M Grever & S Stuurman (eds.), Beyond the Canon: History for the Twenty-First Century, Palgrave Macmillan, UK.
Locher-Scholten, E 2000, Women and The Colonial State: essays on Gender and Modernity in the Netherlands Indies 1900-1942, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
Locher-Scholten, E 2003, “Moral, Harmony, and National Identity: ‘Companionate Feminism’ in Colonial Indonesia in the 1930s”, Journal of Womens History, vol. 14, no. 4, hh. 38-58.
Mangoensarkoro, S 1946, Riwajat Pergerakan Wanita Indonesia, Wanita Rakjat, Jogjakarta.
McGregor, K 2008, Ketika Sejarah Berseragam: Membongkar Ideologi Militer dalam Menyusun Sejarah Indonesia, Syarikat, Yogyakarta.
Poeze, HA 2008, Di Negeri Penjajah: Orang Indonesia di Negeri Belanda (1600-1950), Kapustakaan Populer Gramedia, Jakarta.
Purwanto, B 2006, Gagalnya Historiografi Indonesiasentris? Ombak, Yogyakarta.
Scott, JW 1988, Gender and the Politics of History, Columbia University Press, New York.
Stuers, CV 1960, The Indonesian Women, Struggles and Achievements, Mouton & Co–‘s-Gravenhage.
Stoler, A L 2009, Along The Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Suryakusuma, J 2011, State Ibuism: The Social Construction of Womanhood in New Order Indonesia, Komunitas Bambu, Jakarta.
Taylor, JG 1978, The Social World of Batavia: A History of Mestizo Culture in Dutch Asia, University of Wisconsin.
Tim Penyusun 2015, Laporan Seminar Sejarah 14-18 Desember 1957 di Yogyakarta, Ombak, Yogyakarta.
Toer, PA 1962, Panggil Aku Kartini Sadja I, Nusantara, Jakarta.
Waaldijk, B 1993, “Of Stories and Sources: Feminist History,” dalam R Buikema & A Smelik (eds.), Women’s Studies and Culture: A Feminist Introduction, Zed Books, London.
Wieringa, S 1999, Penghancuran Gerakan Perempuan di Indonesia, Garba Budaya dan Kalyanamitra, Jakarta.